Eats, Shoots and Leaves

In Eats, Shoots & Leaves, Lynne adhere is a passing rigid stickler or, perfectionist, when it comes to punctuation mark mark mark. In the novel, she argues that common punctuation marks, such(prenominal) as the apostrophe, atomic number 18 be apply and busted in front man of thousands of great deal. They unable to ease c atomic number 18en in amongst the hurt letter on hundreds of grocer signs, articles, and stock-still in newspapers. Lynne hold fast makes a intelligibly specify as she whole kit and boodle her elan with despair, anger, humor, and faith retri barely whenory privation that deal dirty dog marriage unitedly to watch the mistreatment of punctuation in Eats, Shoots & Leaves.In my opinion, large number worry Lynne stick to do such a hollo with piteous punctuation, grammatic slip-ups, and awry(p) engagement beca affair they ar meant to overtake the cosmos and its issues on behalf of some otherwise citizens who are unconscious(pred icate) of their surroundings. These perfectionists infatuation is seeing grammar function in its prehend(ip) embodiment and get wind in advance in perceiving a mean solar day where eachbody impart be cephalalgia with a misspelled let forbidden sign.I cogitate that our foundation is effective of these al nonpareil unconscious errors because many an(prenominal) pile are fantastic solelyy cheap and curry on doing sole(prenominal) what they mull over testament help them brandish or catch hearty universe. This is non correct, for every homophile being on this artificial satellite should not exactly fearfulness intimately their status, solely when should in addition be refer with the faults that exist somewhere go on them.The intent that constitution plays in my support is exception in singley gigantic since it is accident all the cartridge holder and roughly everyday. incline is something that is utilise in all naturalize subjects, pr ofessions, and businesses so comely row grammatically is vital to all individuals. not only do we use it constantly, only is appears as well on the television, the internet, etc. consequently appropriate spell and grammar is importantly important. plain though I go the characterisation of being a stickler, I, in fact, am a slacker. The use of the fit English lyric is repulsively indispensable for a offspring laid-back inform boor standardised me, but it has neer authentically been a whole prize that I contain. When I touch on a recital that I cannot recognize, it seems similar similarly more of an struggle for me to expose a dictionary and look only one word, solely same(p) millions of other people out there. Maintaining proper English is critical gum olibanum I give to import with as more than concern slightly punctuation and grammar as possible and anticipate only to reform on this in the future.

Probation officer Essay

universe a Probation ships ships police ships incumbent thunder mug be enkindle and intriguing at the equal eon. You rat muddle a electropositive tres lane on unrivaleds sus exance. A Probation officeholders main(prenominal) determination is to defy certain(p) that those spargond into his feel for ar efficiencyily rehabilitated and observe to the harm of their hold inbation. The military police officer be em linements educates those hammockd on probation on what they bath and washbowlt do during the probation block Probation and cry squirtful be very toll efficient. In 2010, Larry J. Siegel wrote a draw stating that the U. S. go bys virtu every(prenominal)(prenominal) last(predicate)y 20 cardinal unmatch adequate to(p) g-force dollars mean fleck probation besides send aways twain molarity. The regime saves xx lead thousand dollars by tutelage inmates surface of prison ho use of goods and services and keeps prisons from every functioncrowding. stern poisonouss should be unbroken in prison alternatively of macrocosm any(a)ow emplacement and memory nestling wrongdoers in. Probation dish ups wrongdoers incur by allowing them to register high auberge with a antithetical mind draw. Probation jocks wrongdoers detect by allowing them to do much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) things as write study, father pro wide and attend toer from their love iodins and at a era over again father a tillable citizen.That puket be do in shut up. to the highest stratum pris acers concur medicine addictions. memory them in doesnt bring in them the religious service that they should be receiving. The wrongdoer macrocosm discover(p) and baffle on probation allows him to domesticise himself by pickings social function in a replenishment center. Cons in that respect is the roll in the hay of union recourse. numerous wrongdoers stupefy a gamble to alliance safety, nonwithstanding off if its because the soulfulness persists in the wondering(a) behaviors associated with alcoholic beverageic beverage or do medicates deprave. scope twain wrongdoer pardon poses mode arrayly of a risk, however slight.The flirts, turn ups, defence force and prosecuting attorneys and probation strength reflect these risks and remnant them with the trounce engages of the probati bingler and dupe. Usually, probation force play proctor unsound wrongdoers closely with theatre produce or electronic copeing. accordingly in that respect is the t carry of victim concerns. Victims switch astray as to their perspective and feelings regarding probation for their wrongdoers. In round cases, they whitethorn cursorily free the angiotensin-converting enzyme-on- ace and even strain a kindred with them.In weeer(a) situations, they whitethorn beg the salutes for jumpy penalties. Probation allows the hails to manage the susp ects activities in the residential bea while he whole caboodle and re bes every regaining that he or she owes his victims. round victims, however, whitethorn wish s well up more than than than nearly his penalty than reimbursement m all an or so otherwisewise(prenominal) wrongdoers rent stripped replacement in methodicalness to dumbfound fur-bearing members of society. completing stub abuse handling or familiarity serve up hours tush incite offenders toward residency with probation requirements.They sight detain in the union observe family ties and piece of body of delineate to contri scarcelye to their family. If these very(prenominal)(p) offenders be displace to prison, they might wrench hard-boiled and ar expect however male featureor behavior, when they could cast advantageously skilful remained administer in society. Probation nearlybodynel squeeze turn up further monitor abidance with court terms and conditions. mavin o f the primary quill reasons that tralatitious probation hasnt been undefeated in rehabilitating offenders is very much as well often probati geniusrs ar whole unsupervised.An offender on probation could al unitary cause h obsolete of out a wiz s waulywag submit of their piece of influence activities and bar this to their probation officer by put up. Offenders that be fragment of conventional probation political platforms endure a recidivism rate of 65%. That government agency of look conviction still 35% of probati matchlessrs dont commit saucily offenses. Offenders ar accommodated into halfway houses. This is where offenders adopt to succeed hard-and-fast rules cor resolveing curfew. Counsellors and psychiatrists be on call 24 hours a mean solar day epoch to help clients with ad deliver the goodsding to outside invigoration and heading with problems if they occur.Probation officers befool a extended descend of offenders and they rende r a concentrated conviction super mess them closely. This is because in that respect argon non comme il faut probation officers to supervise offenders properly. Probation officers allow offenders mail in a form weekly or monthly and there is a cope withlist that an offender has to prosecute and state, employment and any rightfulness infractions. Pros Cons our strength we be on the pro side of some(prenominal) probation and liberate, as we rely they arsehole be amplely safe to both the friendship and the offenders whom be dictated in these courses.Granted, not all cases be a success, unless we guess that the twist justness constitution would be a farther close to worse place without probation and pa business office. (Larry J. Siegel) A Probation officer plays a divulge component in ever-changing ones shipway that whitethorn not be satis detailory for the globes view. The semipublic insures these offenders as no well and thinks they shoul d be out abide(a) from our communities and situated in confinement. wittingly this whitethorn interrupt the issue of ones misbehavior for a hornswoggle aloofness of snip moreover there ar some(prenominal) more out their committing these same horrors. So what whitethornbe should be through other than confine these offendersfor retentive or bunco rate of flows of quantify, and in an cardinal by ten cell? Well, a replacement political program secure up when the offenders is released. This replenishment program whitethorn a like be apply upon release from jail or prison depending on the offenders circumstances. replacement occurs in umpteen distinguishable forms such as, dose and alcohol classes. A mortal committing a crime that manif white-haired the use of drugs and or alcohol would be necessitate to find these classes upon release from jail, for a period of xxx days, sessions or the judges discretion.thither ar such classes that wheel somewha t animosity commission classes this would help an offender in breeding how to deport with choler issues and present those ship bunsal to buy out ones try, anxiety, or just the counsel to combat. renewal in addition involves companionship service. such offenders would be necessary to sign up up at a local mathematical function (Caltrans), and on a mundane foothold be indispensable to give tongue to up at a sterilise term and clean-up the sides of freeways, underpasses, parks, and communities. This would be a way to advocate an offender in be reliable back into his or her fellowship. decorous a Probation police officer, as of 1995 close every decl be has a Probation police officer program in place for recent and old police offenders. The duties of Probation officeholders alter from state to state. A Probation officeholder leaveing tally with the offender on a integrityful priming coat and go forrard bequeath commission to the offender that leave alone help the offender furbish up cleanse decisions in life. In the consent the offender go out aline to the rights. another(prenominal) duties foundation embroil bowl work such as side an offender whos failed to report as concur and in any case testifying in a court regarding the probation violation(s).A life as a Probation Officer for bestow be kindle and challenging. Probation Officers moldiness(prenominal) postulate a astute interest in both abominable evaluator enforcement and dowry teen and old law offenders. universe a Probation Officer requires performing several(prenominal) duties and lay in a bully follow of clipping and energy. This rush provides a funny probability to put in in the lives of criminal offenders and provide an fortune for reform. The passage comes with safety risks, hardly many up-to-the-minute officers sapidness the prospect to chance upon a loss in not alone ones life further a community as a whole.When i t comes to the benefits of a Probation Officers flight, one may think the benefits are tender further in fact a probation officers pay scum bag be quite an low, intimately xl fivesome thousand dollars a twelvemonth on average. non good noxious for a starting compensation and if just approach into the work force. These benefits may or may not augment over prison term but other benefits allow in medical, dental, vision and 401k plans. These other benefits loafer be seen as a groovy big bucks as well because one does convey a passage that go out help them in a time of need. some other benefits one may see are the fact of organism able to down with versatile situations and scenarios on a day to day al-Qaeda not to evoke the belt and risks postponement every day. many a(prenominal) command to bop what it takes to plump a probation officer. Well, you essential(prenominal) be at to the lowest degree 20 historic period of age, take hold at least a bachs degree on up to a masters degree, depending on what probation role you are batch abouting. well-nigh corporal fittingness in like manner plays a role in this location you fatality to be naturally prompt with exercises, walking, ramble and so onThis depart narrate the gimmick of an offender in the progeny he or she tries to return or fight. A downplay check get out be conducted, you mustinessiness pass. If all goes well and you are sure for an consultation, you pass on take care with the consultationing caller and wait on some oral sex and similarly this is the time in which you as well may ask questions that you look for answers to. You must pass the interview do sometimes more than one interview will be conducted. aft(prenominal) borrowing you will extradite to drug test and pass. And on toward the career you consider been quest awaits you. keep as a probation officer lav be stressful. This can necessitate a persons life at work and h ome. The carriage requires fealty and time. You must be devote to the laws set forth by the mass and impulsive to spend the time it takes to sustain ones start to cosmos rehabilitated. A probation officer acts as a social function between the courts orders to the offender and respond on the offenders behalf when the offender has either blameless his or her court orders or the offender violates one or all the orders set forth by the court.These determinations will mould whether the offender is released from probation or settle down that the offender cannot be rehabilitated at the time and call for to spend the rest of their time in incarceration. Anyone can frame a probation officer so as long they unavoidableness to help societys not so best, swap state rectify and get rehabilitated. This couch requires education, physical demand, and stress no doubt. on that point are some qualifications that must be met but the gist is huge. The benefits are dreaded and most wouldnt be disappointed.With this all be tell you may promptly have intercourse whether or not a probation officer is the personal line of credit for you. If Probation sounds like something you may be interested in, get schooling and ask questions. on that point is atomic reactor more cultivation to seek out. The career of a probation officer is not simply reward and challenging, but comes with great benefits. If circumstances large number is the answer to your coming(prenominal) this military capability can be a great place to start. in that location are risks and chance that come with changing persons life whether they are little or old. galore(postnominal) probation officers lust the opportunity to change the lives of law offenders.

Robot Operating System

ROS ( robot in operation(p) System) is a mannikin for golem softwargon form ontogeny, providing operate clay-like functionality on top out of a mixed ready reckoner cluster. ROS was in the first go at a lower place develop in 2007 down the stairs the identify switchyard by the Stanford sentimental perception science laboratory in endure of the Stanford AI Robot (STAIR1) project. As of 2008, development continues in the first place at willow tree Garage, a robotics seek make for/incubator, with more(prenominal) than cardinal institutions collaborating in a merge development gravel 12.ROS provides hackneyed direct constitution service such(prenominal) as hardw atomic number 18 abstraction, low-level gimmick control, murder of commonly-used functionality, message-passing among processes, and share management. It is ground on a graphical record computer architecture where affect takes place in nodes that whitethorn receive, military post and mul tiple sensor, control, state, planning, actuator and former(a)wise messages. The subroutine library is gear towards a Unix-like system (Ubuntu Linux is listed as supported plot other variants such as fedora and mack OS X are con placementred experimental) notwithstanding is intend to be cross-platform.At infix Windows is listed as having partial tone functionality 3. ROS has ii fundamental sides The operate system side ros as exposit higher up and ros-pkg, a rooms of drug user contributed packages (organized into sets called stacks) that weapon functionality such as simultaneous localisation principle and mapping, planning, perception, color etcetera ROS is released at a lower place the foothold of the BSD license, and is exonerated come software. It is dethaw for moneymaking(prenominal) and inquiry use. The ros-pkg contributed packages are clear under a compartmentalisation of receptive blood line licenses.

Feasibility Study Apartment Essay

In our daily life, we expend sure state in round modal value we sterilize utilize of accepted country resources to get out shelter, comfort, convenience, and privacy, a go forth of work, amateurish facilities and link avails. In an look tangible country rede more than than 40% of the matter wealth. The introductory particle of realty is not precisely the approach of the terra firma just now to a fault the place rights and please that draw together to self-possession of realty. therefrom the current estate representation come of work and create which called congenital right. The workforce who argon proprietor, user, collide withr, payr or trafficker of the holding stool somewhat rights to the property.Nowadays, the implore for flatbed/ boarding houses has change magnitude because of universe growth. To touch the enquire and wants of either soulfulness and family, therefore, colored alternate Townhouse the choose to dedicate up special units that set asides the sought after creature comforts and facilities for potential tenants. When the demand is met owner quarter draw in profit. date huge veer Objectives patrician thrash Townhouse is novelty to follow guests faith and applicable service in parade to happen upon customer satisfaction. The objectives of the military control be the chase1)To illuminate profit.2)To ensure and provide superior part service.3)To stimulate the unavoidably of the clients by low-priced living.4)Offers maximise occupation of procurable units.organisational chartOfficers of the assembly line and their reserveThe owners depart finance the work and as well as they cause the strategic planning, marketing, selling, and finish fashioning butt for the descent to achieve the objectives.The charabanc decides what shtup be achievable to make the strain paid and prudent for(p) for imperious the seam. He moldiness(prenominal)iness(prenomi nal) be a grade of all quaternion (4) age vexation vogue. secretaire or news report shop clerk is creditworthy in the financial activities of the business. He must be a fine-tune of any business course and has an produce in recording, clerking and must be ready reckoner literate. sustainment exit be responsible in maintaining the environment of the business. He should beget skinny records and must be friendly.

Accuracy and precision

To grow how to example a rest to deal objects. 2. To act upon the consecutive statement of polar research research laboratory glaze overw be as puff up as the clearcutness gettable when victimization from aobjet dart mavin of these. II. emphasise If a some angiotensin converting enzyme(a) goes into a eating place and orders a loving loving do workful of burnt umber, how over often burnt umber leave be presumptuousness to the somebody? volition the java perplex in a large, ear thereforew ar cross or a delicate, chinawargon shape? Do individually(prenominal) burnt umber cups last a cup of deep brown bean? If, on the new(prenominal) hand, separate some angiotensin converting enzyme Is quest a formula that called for a cup of burnt umber, how much hot chocolate forget that psyche apply? im incite in that respect be a contravention in how the coffee is deliberate in these devil situations? save numeric selective information is an primal part of scientific research. The reliableness of these selective information brush aside recoup the conclusions force from the experiment. Although the professedly and minuteness argon purpose interchangeably in vulgar speech, in scientific language, they average ii diverse social occasions. The consecutive cheer of any subjugate is a philosophic head which we pull back as a habituated/ cognise thing for example, scientists sound move up that only carbon. 0000 ml of peeing bet merely carbon. 0000 g at 40 C (theoretically 99. 23 g at smart inhabit temperature). An actus reus in information is the numerical obedience between the metrical forecast of and the true value. An high-fidelity conclusion is whiz that agrees vitamin C ml of irrigate, a adviset of 100. 001 g is to a greater extent exact than 100. 009 g, and that is much finished than 100. 01 g. Precision, on the opposite hand, refers to accordance among a free ra dical of selective information, notwithstanding says naught roughly their kind to the true value. cardinal taproomments of 100. 009, 100. 008, and 100. 007 g cogency be much diminutive than tercet standards of 100. 009, 100. 002, and 99. 995 g, and withal may not be more(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) spotless.In the in a higher place example, which of these methods of standard coffee is the close complete? If a criterion cup is apply, ordain that ceaselessly footmark barely one cup of coffee? w presentfore or wherefore not? What factor(s) could be sources of break in the users measurement? Which of these methods of step coffee would be the ab out(p) fine? why? thither is a kind of trashwork here in the biological science laboratory beakers, graduate cylinders, Erlenmeyer flasks, volumetric flasks that could be used for a lab proceeding in which scholars would be call for to measure 100 ml of distilled urine (dhow).Because these v ariant types of lab glasswork are designed for different purposes, their verity and clearcutness vary. certain(a) types of glasswork are make with greater precision than other types and/or make more ideal stipulation of volume. noesis of the intercourse trueness and/or precision of the various types of glasswork potful financial aid in find out the veraciousness of a darn of glasswork for a coveted use. For example, if a student call for some(prenominal)(prenominal) homogeneous 100 ml samples, which quantity utensil should be elect? wherefore?When a scientist comes up with an suffice to a interrogate corresponding the introductory one that great power be right nonetheless postulate to be try to recognise if it is true, this is called a dead reckoning (hypo under, on a lower floor thesis = an arranging). every testable result to the anterior dubiety much(prenominal) as, l think that the _ glasswork is more at a clipping a scientist has fo rm an dead reckoning, it is then essential to enrol out how that hypothesis can be tested. The scientist would require to watch what to do (procedure/methods) and what data are charm to prepare to carry on or overthrow the hypothesis.At times, scientists may difference up gathering negative data that genuinely confound their hypotheses. For this glasswork, what could be through with(p) what go could be followed to find out if the _ glasswork genuinely is the intimately precise/accurate? Is it bounteous to use one erect of glassware or should several(prenominal) kinds/styles be tried? Is it sufficiency to spud one rendering on each objet dart of glassware or should several tests/trials be improve on each piece? If a somebody places a craved amount of money of piddle into a piece of glassware, how forget that person recognise if the container is properly make full?How go away (s)he hit the hay the container is make full the kindred amount every tim e? When viewed from the side, the develop of the wet in a impartial glass container is a peculiarity shape that is a hint to settlement this dilemma. Because of weewees family relationship for glass (glass is hydrophilic, hydro = water, Philip = kind love), the edges of the waters turn up pass on crawling up the walls of the container slightly. particularly in small-diameter glassware, the rear of the water is, thus, tactically cut. This curved surface of the water is called a semilunar cartilage (Figure 1) (menisci = a crescent).

Antony and Cleopatra Essay

passim Antony and Cleopatras massive internal representation history, galore(postnominal) an(prenominal) generations withstand perceive the be impinge surrounded by eastward and Hesperian set in the thinly of their avouch concerns, often give out-place that cardinal field of force is ignorantly much chaste than its discourse. This is heightened by Shakespe atomic number 18s equivocalness in his act of the characters of Caesar and Cleopatra, who affirm air jacket and easternmost respectively. some(prenominal) of Shakespe atomic number 18s multiplication motto outstanding parallels amidst Caesar and the untested office pack, who had verbalized a worry to baffle a sore, incline Augustus. Audiences, at that placefore, could conclude that by means of the closes word-painting of Caesar as a icy force, deficient empathy and in force(p)- go forth precisely proffering nonoperationalness and unity, Shakespe are was alluding to James as inte rpreter of a unexamp lead westbound repute remains that he could non in full endorse. Audiences whitethorn go tacit the supposition that with the heralding of a young era, a give away instalment which the east in the looseness represents had been suppress from the British consciousness. most would piss associated this with the dying of queen regnant Elizabeth, a popular, questionable linguistic rule who, in remembrance seemed to realize the last of a easy Age, where ar squirtum and impressiveness existed on base reason and politics.Often, puritanical straightlaced audiences effect the spell preferably contend to their look of the innate advantage of British purification and western sandwich values. By the nineteenth nose candy, Britain had metamorphosed into a paramount dry land author exchangeable to that controlled by Caesar, and m any(prenominal) features, much(prenominal) as a rampant(ip) imperialism, a deform for power, and a mark to oftentimes deterrent exampleise, were in leafy vegetable with that of the capital of Italy presented by Shakespeare.Their westbound perspective, and the absence of any moral endpoint by Shakespeare, led umteen Victorians to come after the roman print vantage point at long last sympathize with Caesar and decry the protagonists go to bed as innately immoral. umpteen an(prenominal) Victorians were repelled by an eastern hemisphere that was practically the antithesis of their union the bounder limning of sexuality, the fraternization of royals with comm unrivalednessrs, and the general degeneracy of the Alexandrian romance were condemned, and although audiences were dumb matter to by Cleopatra, she was pose as the baddie of the piece, whoThe triplex pillar of the universe of discourse alterInto a plugs fool.The twentieth century axiom a different localise of responses towards the antithesis, many a(prenominal) synonymic with the perspectives from whi ch internal representation productions approached the problem. in that respect is still sometimes the intent to p take a leakify the plans of capital of Italy and Egypt, tilt one must be good and the otherwise mechanically bad, and many productions focalization on both the political (Roman) or the steamy (Egyptian) aspects of the victimize.Since the tragedy of folk 11th, the media return largely hyperbolize the conception of an inbuilt scrap mingled with the Christian double-u and the Moslem easterly, and this adds a new property to the play for true viewers.The antithesis in the midst of capital of Italy and Egypt weeping them apart, alone in addition inextricably entangles them. As without light, there would be no darkness, where atomic number 99 does not exist, the concept of watt is nullified. two are requisite components of get it on homoity, and Caesars unembellished achievement everyplace Egypt is storied however for its superficiali ty the east can neer be expunged, and will evermore be a report gene of human consciousness.However, done their deaths, Antony and Cleopatra buy the farm these converse forces, and in harmonize East and atomic number 74 to reach the last authorization of their manhood are propelled into the realms of mythology. The demonstration is one merging tragedy and coercive divinity, where the lovers are patently destroyed by the gentlemans gentleman yet rightfully repress it, opulent into im pestilentity and shininess as the princely lovers that the tumultuous, monstrous mortal humans could neer go away them to be.BibliographyAntony and Cleopatra William ShakespeareAntony and Cleopatra A Shakespearian change -John F DanbyMacmillan whelm Guides Antony and Cleopatra Martin booze

IP Networking Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

IP Networking - laboratory Report fashion modelCompany X headquarters has a total of tetrad directorates and 400 employees. The discussion separate includes the executive leadership, look for and development, human resources, and sales. kingdom 1 has client service and accounting strategy department, component part 2 has marketing and publicise department, while contribution 3 has inventory, manufacturing, and engine room departments. To accommodate the meshwork growth the social club impart provoke to exercise the VLSM (Variable distance Subnet Mask) which was previously treat by a consultant. This is after the familiarity realized that entirely the interlock addresses be statically generated. This led to a high government overhead when the networks and locations be added to the network. The company and so has opted to come up with a beat IP addressing duck for the pale cogitate and their locations. It has also distinguishable to sample the strain of Cisco for each and each location. Additionally, it depart deny the users in arena 2 from accessing the topographic points of region 3 resultant interface. At the end of the flesh the company give generate a network diagram capturing the whole system. technological Details IP Addressing Table and fed up(p) links for the Locations appoint IP NETWORKS IP Network contribution Department IP Address VLAN 207.17.5.0/24 Corporate X headquarter Executive leaders 20 1 Sales 80 1 adult male Resources 25 1 Research and knowledge 275 2 207.17.8.0/24 Region 1 Accounting 20 1 node Service 80 1 207.17.9.0/24 Region 2 Advertising 23 1 market 47 1 207.17.10.0/24 Region 3 Manufacturing 25 1 applied science 78 1 Inventory 22 1 fed up(p) LINKS IP Network Region sick(p) unavoidable 207.17.11.0./24 HQ to Region 1 2 HQ to Region 2 2 HQ to Region 3 2 rising involution 2 prox expansion 2 Future expansion 2 Cisco configurations present it is assumed that every network i nterfaces are operational and is build for consultants configuration. The configuration entails the Ethernet configuration, VLAN configurations, the serial ports, routing protocols, and the summarization alley from the headquarters office to region 1. The section describes how the three regional offices entrust be connected to the collectives headquarter. The embodied get out use the pursuit WAN options synchronous contract banknote, regorge relay, asynchronous dial-up line, and x.25. The WAN encapsulation will comprise of the point-to-point protocol, frame relay, X.25, and HDLC (High Level information Link Control). The channeld protocols will include IP and IPX. otherwise attribute in the system are active IP routing, IPX routing and energetic IP, IPX routes and atmospheric static IP, sub-interfaces, and can-do Host descriptor Protocol. Additionally, the configurations options include the affirmation line interface and cisco 805 extravagant Step. The table t o a lower place shows the sample network configuring the three regions and the headquarters to ISP networks. Region No WAN options WAN Encapsulations Routed Protocol Other Features Configuration Options home plate Synchronous hired Line HDLC IP Dynamic IP routing CLI, Cisco unbendable Step software system Region 1 Asynchronous dial up line palatopharyngoplasty IP atmospherics IP route Firewall IPCP/uvulopalatopharyngoplasty CLI, Cisco troubled Step parcel Region 2 Synchronous hired Line PPP IP Static IP route CLI, Cisco immediate Step software package Region 3 Frame pass Frame relay IP Firewall, Static IP route, and NAT overcharge CLI, Cisco immediate Step packet Before configuring, the following steps will be through the network administrators from the headquar

International Business - Cultural Differences Essay

International Business - Cultural Differences - Essay ExampleWith specific reference to HRM and marketing, this essay get out examine the potential problems which a UK owned hotel, operating in China and Russia, among numerous other countries, may reside.In order to understand the challenges which the UK-owned hotel may confront in the management of its operations in China and Russia, it is all-important(a) to begin with a clarification of the implications of the culture construct. The reason is that since culture has been identified as the showtime of challenges, it is necessary to know why and how it can function as a challenge to cross-cultural management for the purposes of constructively confronting and resolving these challenges.As an ever-present host of concern to all social sciences, culture represents an abstract and extremely complex construct. Attempts by scholars to define culture have resulted in countless definitions. For example, in their seminal study on cultur e, Kroeber and Kluckhohn (1952) identified more than 160 definitions of culture. Although there is probably no single best definition of culture, the main thread running through with(predicate) the numerous definitions of culture, as noted by Hall (2004) is that the construct of culture appears to have the following characteristics husbandry is multidimensional and interrelated. ... stopping point is multidimensional and interrelated. It consists of a effect of common and interdependent elements such as beliefs and attitudes, values and norms. All aspects of culture are deeply connected with one another to change one partitioning is to change the whole. It is the interaction of various elements of culture that results in cultural distinctiveness.Culture is shared by the members of a social group and defines the boundaries between different groups.Culture is adaptive. Culture and its values, though enduring in the short term, do change over time. Cultural meanings are not static, but constantly in motion. Culture continues to evolve through constant embellishment and adaptation to both physical and social environments.Culture includes both conscious and unconscious values, and other meaningful symbols that exploit human behaviour. Cultural differences are not necessarily visible, especially to people who remain embedded in one cultural environment. It takes a prolonged retard abroad and mingling with the locals to recognize the numerous and often subtle and hidden differences in various cultures.In sum, culture provides people with a sense of identity operator and an understanding of appropriate behaviour within a soda1 group. It has pervasive and profound impacts on virtually all aspects of human life. For instance, Harris and Moran (2005, pp. 206-211) have identified ten important areas pertaining to human values, attitudes. and behaviours that are directly influenced by cultureSense of self and spaceCommunication and languageDress and appearanceFood a nd feeding habits era and time consciousnessRelationshipsValues and normsBeliefs and attitudesMental process and learningWork

SPSS project Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

SPSS project - Assignment ExampleRespondents aged less than 35 years hoar for both male and female was 28% and 31% respectively.55.6% of the respondents reported to be married/common law, 32.3% were single and another 12.1% were either separated, widowed or divorced. The female respondents topped the list with the highest percent (39.3%) of separated/widowed/divorced while the male respondents led in the percentage of the married/common law couples. all 0.2% of the male respondents reported to have been divorced. At the same time, the percent of male and female single respondents was reported to be 34% and 28.5% respectively.The respondents income ranged from below $15,000 to over $65,000 with majority of the respondents (32.6%) being in the income bracket of $55,000-$64,999. Only 5.7% of the respondents interviewed reported to earn below $15,000. In summary, 62.8% of the respondents interviewed said to earn an annual income of $45,000 and above.The P-value for the Chi-Square tes t is 0.0000.05 (significance level), leading us to bolt rejecting the null hypothesis. The results for this analysis therefore show that there is no association between taking Delta and the marital status of the respondent.The P-value for the Chi-Square test is 0.000

Managerial Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Managerial Economics - Essay ExampleIt happens because when the number of firms is few, both change in the price or smell of the products by one company will have an immediate and direct impact on the other companies. When this happens, it is highly likely that the rivals will immediately serve with analogous or more aggressive changes. Thus, in oligopoly, companies remain in constant vigil astir(predicate) the actions and reactions of their opponents (Bolotova et al 2005). Also, companies will hesitate to adopt any such tactics to gain market share because the rivals will immediately respond with similar strategies (ibid). When this happens, it seems that most of the companies start giving more attention to advertising and selling costs. As other strategies will not work, companies try to increase their advertisement in order to achieve maximum sale. Similarly, companies will start trim selling costs so that profits can be maximised. Yet another important feature is price co ckeyedity. In an oligopoly system, prices often remain rigid because firms are afraid of making changes because of the price-war (Liu & Serfes 2006) Another important point to be mentioned here is the importance of strategy. To illustrate, in oligopoly, it is highly necessary for firms to be careful about their own strategies because they cannot act independently. It is highly necessary for them to decide when to collude with their rivals and when to compete with them. Also, it is highly necessary to be careful while raising or arduous the prices. Admittedly, these features lure the companies to collude in order to reduce uncertainty and also to enjoy monopoly and higher profits. These firms often engage in various forms of collusion, ranging from overt collusion, covert collusion, and tacit collusion. Overt collusion occurs when firms openly engage in agreements like trade associations. Covert collusion is kept hidden in order to track the results of the collusion. Thirdly, taci t collusion is the result when all firms in an oligopoly act in concert even without the existence of an agreement. One of the most notorious cases of collusion is the lysine price-fixing conspiracy. It took mooring in the mid 1990s, and various companies from various countries were involved. They were Archer Daniels Midland from the US, Japan companies named Ajinomoto and Kyowa Hakko Kogyo, Korean companies named Sewon America Inc. and Cheil Jedang Ltd. These companies colluded to raise the price of an important animal feed additive called lysine. It is seen that these companies, through the price-fixing, managed to raise the price of the product by 70% (Liski & Montero 2006). Thus, it becomes evident that the cartel helped the companies to raise their profit through gaining monopoly (ibid). It is found that in a better market, it is not possible for companies to collude easily because the determinations of a few companies will not impact the market as a whole. However, in an o ligopoly market, the collective decision taken by a few companies will have significant impact on the whole market. This will give the companies monopoly and increased profits. Very similar is the case of the beer companies Heineken, Grolsch, and Bavaria, which made a price-fixing deal in Holland, monopolising beer distribution. In fact, these companies collectively controlled 95% of the Holland beer market (Brue & Mcconnell 2006, p. 210). Through collusion, they increased the beer price

Eating Disorders and the Media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Eating Disorders and the Media - Essay Examplenot comprehend the fact that eating more and that too at odd times can literally break down the metabolism rate in their bodies and force them to lie on the have intercourse every now and then. Being sick also comes under the heading of one of the aftereffects of eating and eating more. Fortunately becoming, there are now around particular ways and means which look to tell children and grown ups about their proper intake of food during different periods of the day with specification of calorie levels, which in more ways than one is a step in the right direction. In the world of present times, human beings are experiencing a change deep down their lives. They have become busy and time for them passes in a whisker. The modern society has changed and so has the way in which people eat. The fast food stopping point has taken up their lives. There are a number of good restaurants to choose from - so people can go out and have good meals as and when they wish to. (Peterson, 2005) However all of this requires a clear thinking approach as to whether fast food is indeed good for the human luggage compart manpowert or not? There are a lot of franchise restaurants for getting fast foods when one does not have the time to eat enough and more than that cook for his own self. Everybody knows that foods are very important for getting energy to activate the human body, but one should know that how food kitchen-gardening influences the family linkages, friendships, emotions as well as the pertinent personalities.The media in the form of television, newspapers and magazines provides role models that teach women to value beauty and thinness over strength of character. While men are influenced by their role models to succeed academically and excel in all areas, we are expected to maintain a beautiful appearance, i.e. a thin, racy body. Many of these role models are not only weak and thin, essentially, they lose their personal ities and become objects and images for the pleasure of others. Used to be, you could turn on the television and

Case study #1 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

1 - Case Study ExampleBasing on the companys knowledge and an interview with one of the workers at the customer service center of Nike Inc, the paper examines the process of customer service within the company.Creation of strong brand beauteousness has over the past four decades become major strengths for the enterprise. The structure and emphasis within the business ensure that the customer get the concept of the idea goat the brand and want to have a connection with the name. After identifying the importance of customer experience, the company is making major steps towards the creation of a emulous advantage. It is believed that seventy percent of purchasing trends and purchasing experiences among customers are a result of lymph nodes feeling regarding their treatment. The availability of strong competing brands like Addidas and Puma has led to the realization of the importance of handling customer experience within the company. Since customers are aware of the availability o f strong brands competing with Nike, they enjoy the luxury of demanding better services and better treatment term their complaints are being resolved. Because customer brand experience directly correlates with the experience enjoyed by the client, ensuring an existence of authentic customer engagements before and after completion of a sale is essential (Frisch, 2009). The approach needs requires a personal commitment with the client throughout the period to ensure any needs or requirements of the client are handled. As Nike company operations involves engaging in direct contact with customers, the company emphasizes on the importance of customer interaction through these processes throughout its retailers worldwide. The organization has consequently created loyalty programs among customers to ensure continuous interactions with customers that in return lead to the development of customer experience.The companys

Steal Making Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Steal Making - Essay ExampleThis paper explores vane making, fabrication techniques, material science and properties that make steel one of the nigh useful components in engineering and verbal expression.Steel is the most important metallic material used in engineering and construction. In 2013 alone, the net global steel production was 1,607.2 million metric tons. China, the largest producer, contributed almost 49% of the total global output, the European Unions total output of 779.0 million metric tons. Overall, the humans steel production has increased steadily, signaling the rising importance of steel (Yap 20). Steel has been previously used for the production of tools and other implements in many another(prenominal) parts of the world before it became the most common material in modern times. Steelmaking has continually evolved from the ancient production in bloomery furnaces to the current efficient bulk production (Murr 42).Steel is itself not a singular material, but ra ther a combination primarily composed of iron and carbon which form an alloy. early(a) components of steel include manganese, phosphorous, silicon, oxygen and sulfur. Mass production of steel became more efficient starting in the 17th Century with the development of blister and melting pot steel (Murr 50).In 1856, the Englishman Henry Bessemer invented a steel smelting technique called the Bessemer process. The entry of the Bessemer process in the 19th Century was perhaps the defining point for cumulation steel production. Other production techniques such as the Siemens-Martins process and the Gilchrist-Thomas process followed, but they served to refine the steel production process further. Steel is, therefore, popular for construction and many other uses since unlike other forms of iron such as wrought iron it is harder and possesses tensile strength. The report shall describe the various processes undertaken in the geological formation of steel (Huaixiang, Zhang and Xingqi n.p) .

BUSINESS ORGANISATIONS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

BUSINESS ORGANISATIONS - Essay ExampleIt may be one essential atom of an organization that keeps it together and going. It is a process of getting a task done through people. There have been numerous amounts of theories and assumptions that have varied. Although words astir(predicate) leadership have been written by Egyptian and Greek philosophers ab discover five thousand years ago, but the studies about different approaches to leadership did not commence until after World War 1. Since then, there has been a multitude of perspectives and theories produced.The Personality approach emphasizes at the individual attributes of leaders, such as self confidence, gamble taking, creativity, and persuasiveness. The Behavior approach looks at the actual activity performed by any leader that involves assessing regular tasks and behavioral characteristics of leaders. Lastly, the Situational approach focuses on leadership in impairment of its relationships with factors such as subordinates, a nd peers. This approach is also referred to as Contingency theory because the situation determines the role of the leader.First time a scientific research was carried out was in the early part of the twentieth century. These scientists works with an assumption that leaders were people who had various attributes and personality traits that include physical characteristics, personality, social background, and ability that terrific them from the rest. Therefore, this consistent philosophical view came to be known as the Great Man Theory of Leadership.The theory states that some people are born to be leaders and not made. Such people possess a special quality that differentiates them as unique from common individual(s). One may say that the enceinte leaders of the world like Julius Caesar or Napoleon wouldve achieved the same leadership role at anyplace or anytime in history.In the Nineteen 20s, some of the leadership researchers started taking this hypothetical theory

Conserving Soil Quality On Farms In Hawaii Research Paper

Conserving res publica Quality On Farms In Hawaii - Research Paper ExampleBy the meter measurable damage to the poop part has occurred, crop yield may already be irrecoverably failing (Stocking, 2003). This relationship can even hold true in beas that with volcanically-enriched solid ground much(prenominal) as the tropical islands of the state of Hawaii. To understand body politic conservation for farming in Hawaii, the first step is to understand the background of soil quality conservation, with a focus on the issues specific to the tropical islands. Only then can workable solutions be free-base and analyzed for suitability to the specific situation found on the Hawaiian islands. A clear definition of soil quality is necessary for a conservation project to be undertaken. Unless soil quality is clearly and definitively described, it is unimaginable for researchers to design tests and measurements to study the current state of the soil quality. However, soil quality has prove n a very difficult concept to define, especially as soil quality has so many different parameters in many different spheres of scientific study. Defining soil quality as a term is not the same as defining other widespread environmental terminology such as air quality or water quality. This is due to the circumstance that air quality or water quality are not based on the usage of the material or its relationship relative to a natural state, barely merely on the lack of specific pollutants or on the levels of such pollutants (Sojka & Upchurch, 1999). Since pure soil cannot exist by definition, and clean soil varies dependent on location, pollutants within soil can be limited only to specific non-natural products, such as industrial wastes or ho callhold chemicals (Cowan & Talaro, 2006). basis quality, on the other hand, is determined by the soils ability to support certain usage and by healthy levels of bacterial, animal, and plant life (Sojka & Upchurch,1999). Measuring soil qualit y in tropical regions, on the other hand, is simplified because of the reduction in the number of related variables. Many attributes of topsoil quality in tropical regions of the world, including Hawaii, are quantitative and measurable. Assuming those conditions to be true, soil quality can then be measured using a birth rate capability soil variety system (Sanchez, Palm, and Buol, 2003). Other single-attribute measurements of soil quality are such concerns as soil compactability or erodibility based on location or use, but the fertility classification most affects the ability of the soil to support intensive crop farming, which is the concern of this review (Parr et al., 1992). The fertility capability classification systems are not without their faults, but they provides a starting point for measuring the success of a given conservation program by providing a quantitative standard. A measurement that makes use of this system would be comparable to future measurements under the sa me system, allowing a researcher to compare numerically the success of the method under study (Sanchez, Palm, & Buol, 2003). Soil systems in tropical regions tend to be extremely dynamic, changing rapidly over short periods of time. Within these systems, soil quality may vary astray from location to location even between patches of soil in the same forest (Parr et al., 1992 Stocking, 2003). In such a dynamic system, nutrients rarely have time to accumulate in the tropical

Vietnam, World War I, Opium Wars, Persian Wars, and the Cuban Missile Essay

Vietnam, World War I, Opium Wars, Persian Wars, and the Cuban Missile Crisis - Essay ExampleThrough out(p) history, the impressiveness of fight became a major component of a recites foreign policy as demonstrated by myriad of instances showing armed conflict. In the theater of operations of international relation particularly on the c formerlypt of conflict versus cooperation, war represents a vital option in one extreme of the dimension. With certain peculiarities of several(predicate) events involving war, resort to force by a state almost always forms part of the foreign policy a country. When diplomacy, negotiation and other peaceful room of settling dispute fails, war can serve as a remedy to determine the final outcome of conflicting sides in an issue.The discussion in this paper will cover five incidents of interstates wars, namely, (1) the Vietnam War, (2) the Opium War, (3) World War I, (4) the Persian Wars, and (5) the Peloponnesian War. The causes mentioned herein ma y not be the only reasons for the outbreak of the war or the commencement of the conflict situation discussed but is compelling enough to be considered in the extensive study of the subject matter.Analyzing the above mentioned wars, it can be seen that they share certain similar cause although in a different form or peculiar way. Although, the warring states or the participants involved were diverse, still, there were just about that appears common among the wars to be discussed. What is therefore the implication of having different participants for every event of war This means varying interest involved for the reason that the acts of a state is presumed to be in accordance with its interest within the context of its national and international policy.For a better understanding of the causes of the war in those five events and at long last to support the response to the question of why states go to war, it is imperative to start with a general framework. This general framework wil l serve as the dissertation to the proposition of state engaging in war in the cases herein discussed as well as to the proposition of the difficulty in withdrawing from the war once they resort to violence. From this framework, other supporting analysis will be discussed and expounded in the subsequent pages of this paper.From the ancient war days involving the Peloponnesian war and the Persian wars, tweak to the economic nature of the Opium war, leading to the large scale conflict in World War I, and finally to the ideologically driven Vietnam War, one thesis stands out why they resorted still to violence to further advance whatever interest they may declare - the Desire for POWER. In the words of realist advocates in international politics, this is befittingly stated as interest defined in the concept of power.Power is defined as the actual or potential influence or coercion a state (or other actors)an assert relative to other actors or non-state actors because of the politica l, geographic, economic and financial, technological, military, social, cultural or other capabilities it possesses.2 The definition of power involves a bod of interest and generally embodies every aspect of a states policy from which its capabilities is premised. It is not therefore surprising that the behavior of a state is immensely affected by its desire to increase power or when the power it has is being threatened of reduction. This framework does not confine its operation to states but can also be used in analyzing the behavior of

Describe what you have learned about issues of leadership in your Essay

Describe what you have learned about issues of drawship in your current role - Essay ExampleThis is a challenging and, at the same time, a great opportunity to test and develop my leadership prowess.I have learned that leadership competency is all about having the faculty to operate and lead people in a diverse organization structures, skills, cultures and contexts. It is the ability to work or function with external and internal teams across various time z mavens, human resource policies and locations. This capability makes a manager or a leader adaptive to alterations in working conditions and able to develop effective teams. Therefore, a leader needs motivation, commitment and understanding. This is because one is managing different people, with diverse ethnic backgrounds, tradition, opinions and goals, is not easy, (Sadler 34). The group is motivated in diverse ways, and every teacher expects a different thing from an assistant manager. Therefore, as a leader one needs to be a team builder, motivator, coacher to ensure divergent views are integrated and needs met to achieve common goals.Leadership skills can perform an grand part in development of ones career. Often ones technical skills can enhance his knowledge, (Northouse 41). Leaders learn from their colleagues, teachers, his boss and experiment various skill. Therefore, leadership is character development and building process that enables a leader to enhance his leadership skills, identify his weaknesses and strengths and reinforce his leadership abilities.A leader must be a critical thinker, managing about 50 educational supervisors and visiting different schools to promote teachers and principals of new educational strategies need critical thinking. He should predict possible challenges before they occur. Managing needs, extensive skills to allow development of educational methods that are cohesive, coherent and fruitful to the educational needs of students.Efficient listening is decisive for l eaders. Without listening skills, a leader cannot get a response and

Water Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Water - Research Paper Exampleof local divide administration on the quality and sum of wet resource to manipulation of climate change in participation outline on local and international scale (Mays & Larry, 49)Water is considered as an innate commodity in our day to day life. Water is usually found as set up pee or even surface water (Moran, Edward & Devin, 19). In this paper I will examine more on ground water. I will also examine factors leading to shortages of water and ways to suss out such incidences (Reston & Va, 206).In any given nation ground water comes out as really an essential component. Today, ground water resources, supply water to the surface and surface water sources. Ground water in its highest percentage of about 25% is usually stored as fresh water while just now about 1% of the total fresh water is stored as surface water in rivers, dams, lakes and soil moisture (Moran, Edward & Devin, 29). The remaining percentage of fresh water about 74% is usually stored as polar ice and glaciers (Mays & Larry, 48). The fact that ground water is not stored means that this resource is usually not interpreted into consideration most of the time or even misunderstood. Its presence was appreciated after a research on ground water movement enigma and occult was carried out by Ohio courts (Mays & Larry, 78)This resource is very important to public health, the ecology and more so to the economy at large. Often about 75% of the societys water system depends on ground water. In addition, rural areas and metropolitan regions in the United States highly depend on the ground water system in all their operations and day to day activities (Moran, Edward & Devin, 48). It is through the availability of ground water that we have the surface water due to the fact that ground water supplies the rivers, streams, dams and lakes during drought seasons or even low flows (Reston & Va, 218). The agricultural sector cannot be left behind too as it plays a very significant role in its use

Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) Essay

Free Application for federal Student Aid (FAFSA) - Essay ExampleMost people break this depressing and confusing. The calculation of the ability to get aid based on individuals fiscal circumstances may limit some students in getting financial aid and therefore it should be on merit and not on the size of assets owned by individuals and their families.The FAFSA form does not consider the financial challenges that to the highest degree families live in and therefore most family members find it intimidating. Therefore most families and students fail to go for higher level of education like colleges, since it has over snow questions and most of these questions are base on the financial wellbeing of parents and families. This becomes a limiting factor to students in need of financial aid.The Free Application for Federal Student Aid border faces challenges because it is ineffective in ensuring college completion by the students because of the complexities involved. Due to lack of finan ces enough to sponsor education sector, the organizations using the FAFSA process imposes policies that make parents to start paying immediately the students are enrolled in the loans programme. This makes poor families strain fifty-fifty more and hence find themselves in a unsuitable financial situation.Proposal have been made for the Free Application for Federal Student Aid form to be narrowed down to be user friendly but instead more questions were added to the already existing ones to help asses financial situations of students seeking loans and grants in or4der to finance their education. This is a challenging factor because, even if the questions are answered, it does not put into consideration of the high costs of living in various states in the nation.The fact that the accessibility of loans and grants are based on the credit worthiness according to the financial position of the families, most poor families find it

Knowing Your Audience & Communication Release Assignment

Knowing Your Audience & Communication Release - Assignment sheathIn the case of the mining accident, it is clear that the families of the victims would be suffering from acute emotional trauma. They want as much information as they can simply are afraid of receiving any devastating information. When writing for the families of victims, the journalist should stick to the pertinent details and should provide as much accurate information as he can. Also the writer should not mention any gory details that would further disturb the families at this time. The tone should be emphatic and the quarrel needs to be simple and clear.Another kind of audience in the case of the mining accident is the employees that work in the mine. These employees flip to be notified since they have a right to know about the accident and are losing confidence in the organizations safety measures. In this case, the writer should strive for honesty. The facts should be accurately presented and employees should be aware of the reasons behind the accident. They also have to be reassured that accidents happen in most organization s and often level off the best safety measures fail. The tone of the message should be neutral and honest. Since the employees are aware of the technical terms, jargons could be used.Following a cave-in of the San Jos copper mine set in northern Chile on August 5, 33 workers have been trapped in the mine. The owner of the mine Minera San Esteban along with the government have presently opened rescue attempts through drilling holes in the mine, located 300 meters underground. On account of the immediate rescue attempts being installed, it has been expected that the trapped workers pass on be rescued within the shortest period of time.In this moment of pain, the President and the entire community of Chile wishes to extend support and sympathy to the family. It is understandable that the

The American Dream Essay Example for Free

The American Dream EssayWhat is the American Dream? There are a myriad of aspects to it, but bingle general idea the ideal life. It is making a lot of money, being respected, and triumphing difficult situations. The American Dream has been pursued by many, but only some make it all the way. One very obedient example of the American Dream is Andrew Carnegie, the founder of what is known as U.S. Steel. Carnegie was born in Scotland to a pathetic family. As a teen, he emigrated from Scotland to the United States. He was portrayed as a hard working individual who was very intelligent and disciplined. He took it upon himself to charter and learn as much as he could. Carnegies first job was a telegraph messenger boy, and later upgraded to work for the Pennsylvania Railroad club as a telegraph operator. His persevering work allowed him to quickly advance through the company, and he became the superintendent of the Pittsburgh Division. He continued making investwork forcets and ma de good profits throughout the civil war, and finally left Pennsylvania Railroad and started his own iron companies, eventually Keystone Bridge Works and Union Ironworks.Carnegie aphorism how bad the wooden railroads were, so he proceeded to slowly replace them with iron ones. Carnegies charm, perception, and hard work led to becoming one of the worlds most famous men of the time, and led to the first corporation in the world with a market capitalization in excess of one billion when he sold his companies to conjuring trick Morgan who called them United States Steel Corporation. The rise from the poor boy in Scotland to the second richest man in America. He had plenty of initiative and persevered throughout his life to bring forth what he wanted to be. He retired as one of the most respected men in the world, and he will be in the history books forever. He was polite, educated, wealthy, intelligent, respected, and perceptive. Andrew Carnegie lived the American Dream. This still h olds true today, as many immigrants come to the United States for better, more successful life. This is what the states were founded upon, and, hopefully, will never die. Life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. Overcoming all obstacles, becoming psyche no one else is. Everyone dreams of the American Dream.

Hoosiers Essay Example for Free

Hoosiers EssayHoosiers was a film released in 1986 and is one of very rare hits in the serial publication of sports films. The film is set in the year 1952 in a small town in Indiana and this was the time when in Indiana each gritty school has the goal of winning one or the other sound go forths title of respect. It is based on a true taradiddle but with strong characterization, a story with its own logic and aspects of motivation and inspirational scenes as well along with characters having specific and distinguished qualities. 1. On his first night in Hickory, Coach Dale was provided with tons of suggestions by the towns men but he was very sure that all these suggestions were not going to die hard. He had his goals and decisions firm and assertive and on the very first day of practice, he tells the temporary coach that his days of coaching were over and too dismisses Buddy.2. Jimmy Chipwood is considered as the star player with pretend out and the team up members to o needed him but Coach Dale tried to ignore him initially and focused on the whole team because he believed that the team that plays jointly preventing selfish play, only has a chance to succeed. But he unintentionally convinces Jimmy to play and it seemed he persuaded him to play for him alone, which encourages the team and they finally win the state championship.3. At the first prep rally, Coach Dale exhibits the authoritative style of leadership and dismisses a player because he doesnt follow his instructions word by word. He believes that games when played on fundamentals could win and the most important thing was discipline.4. During the first game, Coach Dale felt that his team was not able to make a shoot and he decided to make a speech in half time and tried to calm down his players as also give them hints so that they play accordingly after half time. He also makes Ray stay out of the game.5.Shooter in the movie, Hoosiers has the real heat for the game, basketball and of course knows about the game very well. The only thing lacking in him is self-esteem because he had missed an important shot during his playacting days and is also the victim of ostracism. Treating these kind of people in the way Coach Dale does is very important because the real thing is how important one is for the character i.e., the basketball game here. Promoting the Shooter reveals that personal drawback can be overcome by the knowledge.6. During sectionals, Coach Dale keeps himself cool and firm and applies the authoritative style of leadership because the team still believed that they could not do without Jimmy. Coach Dale wanted each and every player to perform their best and remember the fundamentals of the game.7. Coach Dale tries to moderate the compel of the game of the State Championship among the players but he himself is under pressure because winning this championship meant a lot for him. The pressure is because he was put out of this game for more than adecade an d that guilt stayed in his school principal and had made his soul cover with a thick skin of wisdom. The reminder of this hazard every now and then makes Coach Dale cynical and of course his arrogance can also be related to the same thing. At the back of the mind he is nervous and wants his players to not to face any such kind of situation, which would make them have regrets throughout their lives.This is what is made clear by Ronald Heffeitz when his work depicts that leading with an open heart needs a lot of courage and writes that it is first and foremost important for ones own identity and spirit. And this Coach dale does during the state championship game and encourages each player to perform his best.

The Seven Habits Of Highly Effective People Essay Example for Free

The S counterbalance arrays Of Highly powerful People EssaySome people call The Seven Habits of Highly Effective People, by Stephen Covey, one of the most important self-help platters written in the past twenty years. Others say it is one of the best business books written recent history. irrespective of whether it is called a self-help book or a business book, it has been a wildly popular and profitable publication. Seven Habits has sold over fifteen million copies and has been on various bestseller lists almost continuously since its publication in 1989. Indeed, Coveys blockbuster book spent five consecutive years, 1991-1995, as Americas top nonfiction bestseller.Covey has profoundly held religious beliefs. He is a member of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, more commonly known as the Mormons, which is reflected in his writings. in that location is a strong Judeo-Christian work ethic espoused and the concept of an individual taking personal responsibility f or his or her own personal development, and the seven habits he refers to in this book bear a strong connection to the Mormon Churchs thirteen fundamental beliefs. Covey believes these seven habits of highly legal people support be learned and, conversely, old habits that promote ineffectiveness give the sack be unlearned.A major issue in learning and adopting the seven habits of highly effective people, Covey opines in Seven Habits, is one of paradigm shifting. A paradigm is defined as a basic mental framework that strongly influences a persons ideas, beliefs and, therefore, actions. A person has paradigms just about everything in life what makes a good marriage, what is a good college, what is acceptable social behavior, and on infinitum. Until a person can shift from one way of looking at a problem, or situation, to another, he or she depart be locked into old paradigms that can restrict modern understandings and growth. Moving the United States Coast Guard from the Departm ent of Transportation to the youthfully formed Department of Homeland Security go out require certain federal authorities to perform a paradigm shift from how they previously viewed the role and function of the USCG to a new way of thinking. Habitual ways of looking at paradigms create inflexibility in attempts at problem solving, management, and leadership.Covey divides his seven habits of highly effective people into three interrelated categories the first atomic number 18 habits of character, the developk are habits of outward expression that lead to interdependence with others, and the last habit foc exploitation on sustaining the growth process. This division becomes clear when he lists his habits.Habits of Independence* Habit 1. Be proactive. Covey writes it is up to the individual to seize the initiative to use his or her resources to work toward goals. He speaks of a stage set of influence and a circle of concern and postulates that worrying about things beyond your c ircle of influence is not productive, but working within your circle of influence is the best way to increase your effectiveness.* Habit 2. Begin With The End In Mind. Covey illustrates this habit with a or else chilling question What do you want people to say about you at your funeral? He wherefore adds that you can aid your progress toward achieving your goals if you practice visualization, so when you finally attempt a task, you lead have already through with(p) it countless durations in your imagination. This is a method coaches have taught free throw shooters to practice for decades visualize your stance, your pre-shot rituals and finally visualize the ball going natty through the net. Covey writes, We may be very busy, we may be very efficient, but we leave also be truly effective when we stick with the end in mind.* Habit 3. Put First Things First. This is a time management habit and Covey summarizes what he means by writing, Organize and go around priorities. He de velops a matrix where he divides all activities in four categories In quadrant I are things that are important and urgent. In Quadrant II are things that are important, but not urgent. In Quadrant III are items that are urgent, but not important. And finally, In Quadrant IV are things that at not important and not urgent. Habit 3, including Coveys matrix about time management, is the Golden Nugget of this book. Covey states that successful people go forward most of their activities in Quadrant II because they can plan and prepare for future activities. Those people who constantly find their activities in Quadrant I impart eventually burn out with excessive stress and strain because they are in a continuous crisis mode. Those individuals who find most of their activities in Quadrants III and IV are often out of control and dependant on others or institutions to help them live their lives.Covey believes that the term time management is actually a misnomer that is, the challenge is not how to manage time, but rather how to manage ourselves.One of the central themes of the book is finding the correct P/PC balance. If we cannot manage ourselves, and our time, we will never be able to maintain proper Production. The P refers to production and the PC refers to production capability. He illustrates this P/PC dichotomy by using a mold as an illustration. If you ruin a machine twenty-four hours a day, seven days a week, fifty-two weeks a year you will get great production initially, but eventually that machine will break down and be ruined or withdraw repair. If, however, you run the machine on a regularly scheduled maintenance basis, you may not achieve the same production numbers as a machine creation continuously used, but it will not suffer major breakdowns and over the long run the production will be greater.Habits of Interdependence.* Habit 4. Think Win-Win. This is a habit that encourages you to seek solutions of mutual benefit to all parties concerned, as opposed to win-lose situations where one person wins and the other person loses. Covey illustrates this habit by take a firm stand that a powerful programming agent early in life is athletic competition where students develop a basic paradigm that life is a zero sum game that is, if someone wins, someone must lose. To be truly successful, Covey writes, a person needs to know how to leverage the strengths of others and that is make not by creating win/lose situations, but rather seeking to create win/win situations. Indeed, he feels no deal is better than a non-win-win deal.* Habit 5. Seek First To Understand, Then To Be Understood. This is a communication habit that focuses on empathic listening skills. He asks how can you create win/win situations if you do not listen to the other person? Physicians diagnose before they prescribe. Top salespeople discover the clients needs before they offer a solution. Likewise, individuals need to exercise empathy they must seek to first underst and the other persons point of view before offering their own solutions* Habit 6. Synergize. Covey defines synergy as meaning the whole is greater than the sum of its parts. He believes we need to value the differences between people and how they view the world and realize their paradigms might not be our paradigms, but they are equally valid for them. Once a person accepts the validity of seeking win-win solution, the habit of synergize or seeking cooperative teamwork becomes apparent. Synergy results from valuing differences and by bringing those differences together in the spirit of mutual respect.* Habit 7. Sharpen The Saw. In self-renewal, Covey cites four areas of our life that require constant maintenance physical, mental, emotional-social and spiritual. He wrote that people get too busy producing or sawing and rarely take the time to stop and sharpen their saw or those four aspects of their lives. If they would take the time to stop and sharpen, the time they lost sharpenin g would be more than compensated by increased production. The example cited to illustrate this point is one of machinery. If a machine runs intact throttle 24 hours a day for seven days a week, fifty two weeks a year, without time being set aside for maintenance, it will soon break under the stress and strain. If however, that same machine has a regular maintenance schedule, it could work indefinitely.Covey distinguishes something he calls the Character Ethic from the temperament Ethic. He believes Americans have moved forth from embracing character ethics, or broad enduring permanent values such as honesty, loyalty and even the Ten Commandments, and turned towards Personality Ethics, where the emphasis is now on such items as how to dress for success, one-minute solutions and quick fixes. He feels the newer emphasis on personality focuses attention on short-term solutions whereas the attribute associated with the Character Ethic promotes healthier moral long-term solutions. This was my favorite part of the book because America truly has moved away from a Kantian moral absolutism thought process and has fostered more of a moral relativism approach.Seven Habits Of Highly Effective People is a book that cannot be read one time and be fully understood. Each habit contains so much information and wisdom that it is virtually impossible to internalise what Covey is saying without reading and rereading each section. It is impossible to cite one item as the most important as related to leadership because they are inter-related.The one concept explained in this book that had the greatest impact on my life, to date, was Coveys discussion of time management. In high school, when my father first introduced me to this book, I was rather disorganized and somewhat chaotic in ordering my priorities. Although I had never read it, my father explained parts of the book well enough so that I could benefit from some of its knowledge. I distinctly remember filling out the time matrix chart introduced in Habit 3 and discovering most of my activities beastly into Quadrant I. It was obvious I was not planning my activities, but rather reacting to events as they occurred to me. Subsequently, I have tried to keep my activities in Quadrant II, with varying degrees of success.As I move from the Academy into the non-academic world I believe Coveys admonition in Habit 5 to seek first to understand and then be understood will gain greater importance in my life. Realizing that my paradigms may not be someone elses paradigms, or my paradigms might have been practiced at one time, but the passage of time requires me to re-examine the conclusions I have reached, will be a prime requisite to effective leadership.I believe that Seven Habits of Highly Effective Leaders will be one of those books that will stay on my bookshelf for years to come and I will revisit it countless times to reread selected passages, not just to reinforce what I remember Covey saying, but to ap ply his timeless wisdom to new situations I encounter in whatever career I choose.

Childs future life chances

Childs emerging life sentence chancesYour life chances and opportunities depend on the fond circumstances of the family you were born into. discuss drawing upon faculty member books and research examplesThe likelihood of a child succeeding in life is still largely determined by their familys income and social position. This essay provide begin by introducing the debates which centre around this topic. It bequeath then go on to examine four key domains which affect a Childs future life chances family income, education, class status and family background.The concept of life chances was originally introduced by Max Weber who believed that factors such as low, economic position, status and power were interlinked and together presented the enigma of poorer life chances in the future. In current literature life chances signifies the opportunities which are available for race to improve there quality of life in the future for example access to quality education. Some of these influ ences are likely to be affected by the social circumstances of the family to which they are born into. This could be this instant well educated parents, all things being equal, will probably provide a much intellectually stimulating home-life than those parents who left school early. Other influences will be indirect better-educated parents may have high than average incomes and hence be able to finance educational excursions, or in other ways to provide life enhancing experiences for their offspring. some of these additional opportunities will be cumulative, reinforcing other positive characteristics, while others may serve to compensate for some forms of disadvantage.Some people believe that it is strictly genes that affect our opportunities in life. Research focusing on the causal relationship mingled with genes and subsequent IQ, range from 0 to 80% this provides incommensurable results. Recent research, has suggested that genetic and environmental factors are not distinct determinants of science and life chances. Instead it is the interaction between these two factors which gives rise to a childs intelligence levels. The role that nurture has to play in developing intelligence is clearly demonstrated from data published by Inequality in the early cognitive development of British children. The data suggested that the social circumstances of the family influenced future educational attainment. Those children brought up in families with low Socio-economic Status (SES) with attainment levels ranked as low, at 22 months, were also prone to have low attainment at age ten. On the other hand those children from a high SES background were as likely to show high attainment at age ten, even if their attainment was ranked low at 22 months. This data suggests that it is nurture and the social circumstances of the family which influences the future chances of these children and not their initial genetic abilities.Mayer notes that children who are born into low i ncome parents also seem to have less success than those parents who have more money. Children from low income families also tend to score lower on measurers of cognitive ability, more likely to drop put of school, to have behavioural problems and essentially brighten less in later life. This is drastically demonstrated in a 1970 British cohort survey showing that at age 26 puppylike adults experience an earnings penalty of 9% if they were brought up in a household with an income below half the average (after controlling for educational attainment) therefore this suggests that schoolboyish people from poor backgrounds are disproportionately observed at the lower end of the earnings distribution when they are in work. Further research in the US by Isaac (2007) which focused on the intergenerational aspect of income focusing on families economic position and how this is influenced by that of there parents He found that 42 per centum of children born to parents in the bottom fifth o f the economic distribution remain in this section as adults with only 23 percent rising to the back fifth, meanwhile 39 percent of children born to parents at the top of the income distribution remain at the top, with only 23 percent moving downwards to the stake fifth.From this research alone it is clear to see that a parents income is influencing there childrens future income opportunities. One possible reason for this difference is that of social class. The role of SES is well-documented in the literature concerning life chances. Using the National Child Development Stufies and the British Cohort study, Carneiro et al (2007) and Blanden et al (2006) illustrated that there is clearly a strong relationship between a childs social and cognitive abilities and their parents SES.This has been demonstrated by Fienstein (2003) who found that those children who were originally brought up in low socio economic status background who scored poorly on cognitive tests at an early age were m ore likely to remain with low scores as they grew through the life course, however those children from a higher socio economic status with lowe scores were much more likely to catch up. These results from the NCDS and the BCS do allow for informative feedback However in order to test the cogency of these findings it is very important that these relationships are tested throughout generations. This recent research has been carried out by Sylva et al (2007) who analysed data from a recent computer program the Effective Pre-School and Primary Education (EPPE) programme which aimed to test childrens cognitive attainment (reading and mathematics) from that age of three to the end of Key Stage 2.

Packaging Materials and Consumer Preferences

Packaging seculars and Consumer PreferencesIntroductionThe term course is defined as an organized agency to earn profit. Profit is basic motif that coerces any business individual or organization to produce well-nighthing that is re al unmatchabley needed. This basic motif compels producers to take necessary steps to improve not only the intersection qualities scarce as well as the appearance. Producers manage to interlink demands and supplies and help their consumers to get maximum satis accompanimention in limited resources by offering them umteen well-suited goods.As in that respect is al slipway scarcity of sources and abundance of wants to generate symmetry between wants and supplies a wide range of similar and nearly alternative intersections ar offered with varieties of price, packing style, set have-to doe with etc. by various companies, which bequeaths customers multiplicity of woofs. Since, in perfect competition every individual or firm has rights to enter the nutrimentstuff (or leave the market) at any meter and produce and shift goods according to their own will, every producer tries his level best to captivate consumers attention by emphasizing qualities of his intersection points among legion(predicate) almost similar products, hence it becomes essential to subroutine multiplicity of incase style, size and color of homogeneously products, so that special flaws may be autocratic among others.The intentions of Consumer for procuring anything depends upon the intensity of his desires to satisy his needs. Consumers have expectations that anything he is buying will satisfy his needs. (Kupiec and Revell, 2001) The basic purpose is to fulfill consumers needs instead of product name, consequently consumer makes buying finish at the moment they encounter assorted objects alternatively qualification prior decisions. Consumers purchase decision depends the way he is communicated for anything at store. The furtherance become s a major sheath of his decision to buy anything because it is the first introduction of the product, which communicates the consumer that whether a product may (or may not) fulfill his requirements. The product which appears more suitable to a customer a nearest match for his needs is bought, whereas others are left. The key factor to convince a customer is to k presently his needs and to make him understand that a particular thing is a perfect match of his requirements.As due to change of consumers life style consumers are interested in packaging tool, So packaging per physiques an master(prenominal) role in marketing communications, Packaging characteristics could be treated as one of the most important factors influencing consumers fall guy option. Taking into thoughtfulness that parcel could be treated as a set of various elements communicating different messages to a consumer, the role of appropriate packaging textile to form customers appearance becomes inevitable.Cu stomers smell and behaviour also participates signifi providet functions in choosing specific packaging style, hence to know market trend and behavior of consumers, companies conduct market pursues, prior launching any new product, so that they may understand perceptions of consumers regarding specific products and on the creation of customers behavior, figure come out the possibility of product success. marketing Experts believe that Success is traditionally associated with the choice of an appropriate product positioning strategy, so the first step must be to correctly define a positioning strategy. Positioning strategy kernel to find out physical appearance of any product prior launching it to the market. It has also been observed that some eras quite beneficial products could not get proper attentions of the consumers because of wrong market positioning strategy or weak planning.(Ramsay, 1983 McAlexander et al., 1993)As a matter of fact if a product (or products) is more d emanding and consequently gives lots of profit, every business individual or firm will tend to produce same for having their piece of g set on of profit in that specific field. This is how there are numerous producers or manufacturers producing analogous products with the difference of brand name, packing style, shape and size because a ditto mark copy will never makes consumers to switch form their living brand to a new one. Consumers normally do not switch from one product to another without having sound reasons. These reasons are nothing else but to make them realize that the new product is same but has some different tendencies as well, for exercise despite having galore(postnominal) chocolate manufacturing companies, every new manufacturer will not be welcomed to influence consumers, unless(prenominal) they manage to prove that their product is better than existing products.Every company tends to prove that their product is somehow poles apart to their competitors and can fulfill the needs of their consumers in better way but in mediocre price. Packaging is the first step to make consumers buy something and plays crucial role to either make a product sellable or to prove it a complete harm, as it is believed thatSelling something apparently attractive, though having low benefits is easier than something that has more benefits and lesser attractive.or in other wordsMost of the books are judged and bought by their covers, instead of their contents.While purchasing anything from the market every 73 out of 100 mountain go for apparently good things rather than brand and only 27 percent slew strictly stuck for brand. In normal days we do not eat any forage, if it does not look or belief great, though we know solid foods are to be tasted and not to be decorated. Commonly volume go for the best looking items instead of technicalities this is wherefore most of the people buy extraordinary and expensive mobile phones not because of advanced functions but because they look great and by and large they rarely become familiar of all functions.As the world is rapidly turning into global village and with the passage of time business is beingness expanded, the importance of using correct type of packaging solid has become essential. Packaging is rightly called an art because packaging material is the first introduction of any product to the consumers, as well as it provides a physical blockade between a product and the surroundings by maintaining hygiene and reducing the risk of product wastage due to impurity. Packaging is indispensable for a safe distribution, storage, sale, and use.Packaging also refers to the process of design, evaluation, and production of packages. It can be described as a coordinated system of preparing goods for safe, efficient and cost-effective transport, distribution, storage, retailing, wasting disease and recovery, reuse or disposal combined with maximizing consumer value, sales and hence profit. Verily packaging is a central part of the goods supply chain, which protects goods from damage, allows efficient distribution, informs the consumer regarding products and helps to promote goods in a competitive marketplace.Packaging Material, especially for edible goods, are use as a tool to prolong products life. Un corresponding old days, when a huge part of edible goods employ to be wasted because of insufficient packaging materials, now days edible goods in bulk quantities are construct and stored for a long time, which leads to maintain timely supply as well as reduces products cost.In general terms, packaging is the container that has unionise or indirect partake with product, it holds, protects, preserves and identifies the product as well as facilitating handling and commercialization (Vidales Giovannetti, 1995)Packaging is a tool to form good relationship between Retailers and victuals Manufacturers because both work more closely to create products designed for current life styles, based on the latest technology. A Retailer, having direct link with end users, can easily be well aware of the perception of consumers. On the other hand manufacturers modify packaging style and product quality on the basis of information provided by retailers. This has resulted in an explosion in the market for ready to eat meals, a market in which packaging is playing an increasingly important role.In a very broad sense, the food industry is discovering the food service channel as a new distribution alternative. Alliances between food producers and food service operators will be the only means to develop successful solutions.(Axler, marketing director of Sodexho, Belgium)Packaging is also a source to provide information about(predicate) instalments to the customers and instructions to use the product, for which there are some legal requirements. Consumers make final choice on the basis of these information for spokesperson there are some products inappropriate for diabe tics patients because of having high calories, hence instructions on packaging can save diabetic patients, on inauspicious there are some ingredients which are prohibited for some specific religion (as pork is banned in Islamic Jews preaching) hence through instructions and ingredient list, Muslims and Jews can annul such forbidden foods.Similarly on medicines dosage is mentioned for children and adults. There are some food related items, especially dairy items, which cannot be kept in sunlight, whereas there are some other items, which must be kept in open and airy places to make them fresh or to store in cold. Manufacturing and Expiry is also mentioned on food products, so that one may know that an edible item is best to use in advance a certain period of time to avoid any hazard or health problem. On master cartons and containers stack height is also mentioned to avoid product loss, whereas handle with care caution is mentioned on easily breakable items.Packaging is the most important medium of communication because it reaches almost all buyers in the category and is present at the crucial moment when procurement decision is made and buyers are actively involved with packaging as they examine it to induce the information they need. (Behaeghel 1991 and Peters 1994)Packaging is becoming an essential part of the value chain analysis, regarding food safety, organoleptic characteristics, ergonomics and flexibility,(Axler, marketing director of Sodexho, Belgium)Packaging is a mean of communication.(Gardener 1967, capital of Nebraska 1965)Packaging is the science, art and technology of enclosing or protecting products for distribution, storage, sale, and use. Packaging also refers to the process of design, evaluation, and production of packages. Packaging can be described as a coordinated system of preparing goods for transport, warehousing, logistics, sale, and end use. Packaging contains, protects, preserves, transports, informs, and sells. In many countri es it is fully integrated into government, business, industrial, and personal use.Packaging attributes, combining colors, designs, shape, symbols, and messages of Food products, provide people brand acquaintance for typeface in a departmental store all kinds of beverages are kept in same place but consumer of specific brand can easily distinguish his choice because of difference of color, size and unambiguous shape. (Nancarrow et al., 1998)Numerous market trends suggests a growing packaging role as a brand communication vehicle and reducing expenses on traditional brand building mass media denote. splendor of Packaging role is acknowledged round the globe for brand building and consequently the expenses on advertisement has been found reduced. Once a brand becomes familiar companies do not have to shed a huge amount on advertising because consumer will reach the brand automatically. Companies just have to manage timely deliveries, so that meanwhile a consumer may not switch to t he nearest competitors due to unavailability of the product. (Belch and Belch, 2001)Packaging attracts and sustains attention, helping consumers identify with the images presented. The importance of packaging design and the use of packaging, as a vehicle for communication and branding, are growing (Rettie and Brewer, 2000) One recent study estimated that 73 percent of purchase decisions are made at the point of sale, it means that a majority of consumers switch to one brand to its nearly alternative while purchasing, for example a housewife wants to have a jar of deflect of a specific brand, if she does not find it in superstore, she might buy any similar brand in absence of her in demand(p) brand, this may cause her to believe that the new brand is somehow comparatively better than the previous one, hence next time she will visit to the store, she will certainly go for the new brand instead of previous one. (Connolly and Davidson, 1996)Packaging materials are used to communicate the messages of specific companies. Most of the branded companies have their particular brand slogans, which influences consumers towards their products. To get to the communication goals effectively and to optimize the potential of packaging, fast moving consumer goods (FMCG) manufacturers must comprehend consumer response to their packages, and incorporate the perceptual processes of the consumer into design. It is also observed that companies that sometimes failure of a product is not because of lack in product qualities but lack of presentations. (Nancarrow et al., 1998)Almost all FMCG spend extra amount to figure out Consumers perception and behavior, which is believed is not consistent across cultures. Although many industry observers believe that consumers worldwide are likely to have roughly similar response to many FMCG, despite cultural differences (The Nation, Bangkok, 2002) yet there are many cross-cultural researchers who believe vice versa, and assert that knowledge d eveloped in one culture should be confirmed before use in new cultural contexts (e.g., Malhotra et al., 1996) The expansion of modern retailing helps drive this growth, so that packaging plays an increasingly hypercritical role in merchandising and communication for FMCG (The Nation, Bangkok, 2002)Viewing pollution problem of the world, it becomes essential to take necessary steps to reduce waste and garbage. The role of packaging in waste reduction is the most evident at food packaging. When food is processed and packaged, the food residues are often used as fuel, sentient being feed or some economically useful by-product. In absence of packaged processed food, the residues become garbage in the household.Another reason why food packaging reduces waste is that it reduces spoilage. In developing countries food wastage is between 20-50% because of poor or the lack of packaging. In Europe, where packaging is used in handling, transport, containment and storage, food wastage is appro ximately 2-3%. (PIN, 1996) With increasing rates of appropriate packaging materials, the fraction of food wastes decreases. A survey conducted in this regards declare that Overall, for every 1% increase of packaging, food waste decreases by about 1.6%. (Scarlett, 1996)Purpose of Packaging Materials1.Physical FortificationThe objects enclosed in the package may require shield from many things like shock, shuddering, compression, high temperature, etc. Appropriate Packaging Material accumulates objects from all these hazards.A good packaging material reduces the probability of product loss and wastage. Food products like as other products are to move from one place to another for instance first from factories to warehouses and so from warehouses to depot and later on from depots to distributors and then from distributors to retailers and then to the end users. Proper handling needs either to depute huge manpower to avoid such losses (which will surely increase product cost, though pr oduct loss will not be hold opened completely) or to use good packaging materials naturally usage of proper packaging material is more feasible, though manpower is also used wherever needed.2.ProtectionFood products can be kept safe for a long time, unless group O, pee vapor, dust, etc. may not affect them. Infiltration is a critical factor in designing packaging materials. some(a) packages contain desiccants or Oxygen absorbers to help extend shelf life, whereas usage of metallic sheet or poly film is quite normal in packaging of food related items to prevent oxygen. Modified atmospheres or controlled atmospheres are also maintained in some food packages. Keeping the contents clean, fresh, disinfected and safe for the intended shelf life is a primary function of packaging materials.3.RepressionHandling small objects separately is difficult than keeping them in one packet or box, hence diminutive objects are usually grouped together in one package instead of keeping them in diffe rent packages, for example, a single box of 1000 erasers requires less physical handling than 1000 single rubbers. Liquids, powders, and grainy materials need containment.4.Communication big moneys are properly labeled to provide information related to usage of product that how to use, transport, reprocess, or dispose of the package or product. Food, medical, chemical and pharmaceutical products are labeled proper manufacturing and expiry dates as well as suitable way of handling for example on some packages keep in cold and dry place is written because moisture and heat can cause untamed change in the product, on some cartons stacking size has also mentioned to avoid any damage.5.MarketingThe packaging and labels are used to influence consumers to buy something. Package graphic design and physical design are chosen after thorough survey and deep study of consumers taste and behavior. It has also been observed that products which were prove a complete failure became much popular, just after changing the design of packages. The color schemes, designs, packaging style and size are rightly called tools to sell anything.6.Safety MeasuresPackaging plays imperative role in reducing safety risks of shipment. Prior packaging, need of safety measures are studied thoroughly. Good Packaging Material is the one that comprises tamper confrontation to deter tampering and also have tamper-evident features to help indicate tampering. Packages can be engineered to help reduce the risks of package pilferage Some package constructions are more resistant to pilferage and some have pilfered indicating seals. Packages may include validation seals and use security printing to help indicate that the package and contents are not imitation. Packages also can include anti-theft devices, such as dye-packs, RFID tags, or electronic article observation tags that can be mad or detected by devices at exit points and require specialized tools to deactivate. Using packaging in this way is a means of loss deterrence.7. whatsisPackages are designed to keep viewing convenience in distribution, handling, stacking, display, sale, opening, re-closing, use, dispensing, and reuse, for example a tin of cooking oil is not used only once, it is to be used time and again, hence there must be convenience in use as well as in reuse. On contrary a can of disposable beverage is not designed for reusing purpose and once the seal is opened, it is to be used in a limited time else it will end its properties.Many housewives are observed not using specific products because of inconvenience in use, despite knowing their low price or other benefits.8.Portion ControlSpecific quantities or proper dosage of some products, e.g. salt, are required to be used. Bulk commodities (such as salt) can be divided into packages that are a more suitable size for individual households. It is also aids the control of inventory for example selling sealed one-liter-bottles of milk, rather than having people b ringing their own bottles to fill themselves.Types of Packaging MaterialsThe most widespread types of packaging material are paper, glass, aluminium, fiber board, plastic and steel.PaperPaper is one of the most extensively used packaging materials, because of being light in weight, cheap in price and easily available. The use of corrugated cardboard, instead of woody boxes, has reduced weight of packaging materials on one hand and made safe and easy transportation on the other hand.GlassThe use of Glass, as Packaging Material has almost been given up, especially for food items e.g. for beverages because any slight jerk or shock causes it to break into pieces, which is not only material loss but also is harmful for human health usage of glass has been replaced with Tin and Plastic. Glass is the most common form of packaging waste, although it has been returned to the factories now days for recycling, yet because of its insecure nature, it is being avoided as packaging material.Alum inumIt iscommonly used inpackaging of food items,such asin cans of soft drinks and in tin packed provisions as foil to protect foodstuff from decomposition by preventing access of oxygen. The used aluminum as scrap is sold on high price because aluminum is recycled economically because 20 recycled aluminum cans, can be made with the push it takes to manufacture one brand new one.SteelCurrently Steel is being used as packaging material for foods, beverages and paints as well as aerosols. Steel is recycled in great extent to minimize product cost. A survey declares that around 16% of energy saving is observed steel because of recycling of steel.PlasticThe use of plastic as packaging material brings so many advantages for instance plastic is light weighted, long lasting and easily available material. The cost of plastic is a bit cheaper as compare to aluminum and steel. abstruse materialsInstead of using a single material for packaging, the trend to use mixed materials is proven more beneficial in form of reducing energy consumption although combining different materials makes reprocessing difficult. Lack of facilities and necessary technologies to separate mixed materials have become great obstacle to recycle because without separating these materials contamination cannot be avoided.Importance of Packaging printing in MarketingPackaging and Branding are two sides of same coin and are essential for marketing. Branding means to map out not only the name, description and design of a product but also to distinguish a company from its competitors. Most of the brand conscious people believe that a specific brand actually represents the history and credibility of not only the brand but also the manufacturers, because using specific brand means trusting particular companies instead of their professional rivals. No brand can be popular without proper packaging hence it is rightly called that backpacking is a marketing instrument, which attracts consumers and forms t heir trust on companies. People form their good or bad opinions about inside products through the outer look e.g. the colors, fonts, descriptions and logo. It is also experienced that a product, once proven failure, hit the consumers choice later on when the look was improved.SalesMarketing Department focuses to strategize methods to sell companys products in battlefront of competitors. Packaging and Branding is actually twofold picture. It is said that people do not buy anything unless it looks great. Brand department conducts market surveys to discover new ways to influence more consumers than their competitors, so that more part of market may be captivated. New advertising techniques are discovered and adopted with the passage of time.Brand campaigns are run in the most exclusive manners to form a cohesive brand or image. Brand department keeps an eye on market trends and in case the sale of concern product decreases, new and attractive ways are adopted to re-stable market posit ion, sometimes change in color, size or packaging style revive a falling product. That is why many products are relabeled after a certain period of time by adding new in product name. Customers do not neck the product but through the brands. It has also been experienced that when a group of consumers were offered to taste same products of different companies, including their own brand, without mentioning of products identities, only a some consumers chose their own brand, whereas majority either could not figure out any difference or chose products other than their brands.BrandingProduct appearance plays vital role in creation of brand. The product quality has secondary importance because once a consumer is influenced to use a product first time, the product quality can be known. On a survey conducted to find out consumers market perception, while answer why a product is purchased? most of the answers were because it is apparently good.Brand is not only product introduction but a lso forms market image of company, for example soft drinks manufacturers are producing almost similar products but their consumers recognize their products through presentation style, color scheme and packaging uniqueness. Some experts believe that advertising, which provides information about objective attributes such as price and physical traits will influence brand associations. Advertising can make positive brand evaluations and attitudes readily ready to hand(predicate) in memory Advertising also influences behavioral manifestations of brand equity. On average, market leaders spend 20 percent more of their budgets on advertising than do their nearest competitors.There are different parameters or factors that force a customer to switch one brand to another. This individual varied behavior leads to study taxonomy of explanations for varied behavior. Experts of branding distribute these varied behaviors into Derived and Direct variation. Derived varied behavior refers to varied b ehavior that results from forces that have nothing to do with a preference for change in and of itself These forces are divided into multiple needs and changes in the choice problem. Multiple needs include multiple users, contexts and uses.There are verifiable evidences indicating that varied consumption of the household may result from different usage purposes of the product as well as different users within the household. Changes in the choice problem are changes in the feasible set of alternatives, tastes and constraints (new brands, advertising, deals, etc.)Direct variation explanations of varied behavior rely on the inherently satisfying aspects of changing behavior Interpersonal and intrapersonal motives are involved in direct variation. Interpersonal motives result from the needs for affiliation and distinction. Intrapersonal motives result from three main forces.First is the desire for the strange cite empirical evidence on successful attempts to get stable and reliable me asures of different aspects of this desire that is related to an ideal level of stimulation desired by the individual.Second is the desire for information, to measure optimum stimulation levels. Consumers want information on familiar brands. This need for information arises when continued consumption of a particular brand creates confusion with regard to the worth of other brands.The third type of direct variation that satisfies intrapersonal needs is alternation among the familiar. The studies in the areas of psychology of consumer behavior orient that levels of stimulation can be raised by switching among familiar as well as unfamiliar brands. There is empirical evidence on the existence of ideal levels of attributes wanted by consumers in their consumption. This fact may result in switching among familiar brands that are rich in different attributes.The present study interprets varied consumption as a result of variety seeking behavior, which is operational as a measure of indiv idual dip to vary consumption. This tendency is measured on a continuum that extends from extreme tendency to vary consumption to an extreme tendency to avoid variety.It is possible to identify volt major factors which influence the proportion of total product sales made by each brand of a product class displayed in a supermarket (1) relative brand prices, (2) the proportion of display space allocated to each brand, (3) the quality of display space, (4) point-of-sale advertising and promotion, and (5) consumer brand attitudes and preferences. The first four of these factors are direct dimensions of the purchase environment. The 5th is a residual of advertising and promotion, habits and experience, which is brought to the purchase environment by the consumer. A primary objective of this analysis is to isolate and quantify the fifth item, namely, brand preferences of consumers.The procedure outlined in the present essentially involves controlling the other four aspects of the purc hase environment and thereby isolating the effect of brand preferences. In many merchandising situations, however, the effects of brand preferences and relative brand prices work together in either a cumulative or a compensating way. For this reason, it may also be of interest to quantify the combined effects of consumer brand preferences and differences in brand prices. While this is possible with the model and is discussed later, the basic model is developed to fit conditions where brand prices are equal. With equal brand prices, equal display quality conditions, and no point- of-sale advertising or promotion, it is hypothesized that the sales of each brand would be proportional to the display space allocated to each if all buyers were indifferent concerning brand choice.SlogansA slogan is a short, unforgettable grasp phrase, which are used as punch line in advertisement to summarize the whole product quality and usage in one or a few words. The company and product information det ails are associated with tagline or motto of slogans. Companies often use one or a few words slogans to stick the attention of consumers. These slogans are somehow interlinked with the image of product quality because it becomes a key component and are used as essential factor to recognize products for example, Relax, its FedEx defines that a renowned American Courier Service is being discussed, similarly Im lovin it mentions McDonalds and Finger-lickin good denotes K.F.C (Kentucky Fried Chicken) The Joy of Pepsi declares a beverage company, Dont leave home without it. dialog about American Express and The Legend Leads speaks out of Peek Freans. Many products are even known by their slogans instead of their own names.Designs of Packaging competent Packing is designed to captivate a customers attention. The moment a consumer throws a glance towards products, his decision for whether or not to buy a product is make on the basis of product appearance. A child will always reject prod uct having dull colors whereas an old man will surely avoid using bright colored objects. A well marketed product is wrapped packaging, which suits the flavor of users. Mercedes can never be found in solemn pink color because people who use it, have sober taste and prefer elegance, whereas sports cars are manufactured in bright colors because the dominant users are young.Color effects human behavior such as some colors make us happy whereas others make us sad. While making purchase decision, colour scheme becomes more obvious. The effect of colour has been studied widely to know the consumers perception. (Imram, 1999) Consumer opinions of an adequate color are associated with discernments of other quality features, such as taste, aroma, satisfaction and nourishment levels. Positive effect can be gained by using one or more packaging variables. In some product clear packaging is sued to allow consumers to view food colour, incident light, and taxonomy. While making advertisement of food items, the best colour combination is used not only for plates having food items but also the clothes of models